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ISACA CRISC® Exam Prep
GET AHEAD IN RISK AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS CONTROL
A CRISC certification halps you stay one step ahead of real-world threats across your enterprise.
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CIA Triad
Three principles of security control and management. Also known as the information security triad. Also referred to in reverse order as the AIC triad.
Three principles of security control and management. Also known as the information security triad. Also referred to in reverse order as the AIC triad.
Confidentiality
The fundamental security goal of keeping information and communications private and protecting them from unauthorized access.
The fundamental security goal of keeping information and communications private and protecting them from unauthorized access.
Integrity
The fundamental security goal of keeping organizational information accurate, free of errors, and without unauthorized modifications.
The fundamental security goal of keeping organizational information accurate, free of errors, and without unauthorized modifications.
Availability
The fundamental security goal of ensuring that computer systems operate continuously and that authorized persons can access data that they need.
The fundamental security goal of ensuring that computer systems operate continuously and that authorized persons can access data that they need.
Non-Repudiation
The security goal of ensuring that the party that sent a transmission or created data remains associated with that data and cannot deny sending or creating that data.
The security goal of ensuring that the party that sent a transmission or created data remains associated with that data and cannot deny sending or creating that data.
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - https://www.nist.gov
Develops computer security standards used by US federal agencies and publishes cybersecurity best practice guides and research.
Develops computer security standards used by US federal agencies and publishes cybersecurity best practice guides and research.
Cybersecurity Frameworks (CSFs)
Standards, best practices, and guidelines for effective security risk management. Some frameworks are general in nature, while others are specific to industry or technology types.
Standards, best practices, and guidelines for effective security risk management. Some frameworks are general in nature, while others are specific to industry or technology types.
Security Controls
A technology or procedure put in place to mitigate vulnerabilities and risk and to ensure the confidentiality, integrity, and availability (CIA) of information.
A technology or procedure put in place to mitigate vulnerabilities and risk and to ensure the confidentiality, integrity, and availability (CIA) of information.
Gap Analysis
An analysis that measures the difference between the current and desired states in order to help assess the scope of work included in a project.
An analysis that measures the difference between the current and desired states in order to help assess the scope of work included in a project.
Identity and Access Management (IAM)
A security process that provides identification, authentication, and authorization mechanisms for users, computers, and other entities to work with organizational assets like networks, operating systems, and applications.
A security process that provides identification, authentication, and authorization mechanisms for users, computers, and other entities to work with organizational assets like networks, operating systems, and applications.
Identification
The process by which a user account (and its credentials) is issued to the correct person. Sometimes referred to as enrollment.
The process by which a user account (and its credentials) is issued to the correct person. Sometimes referred to as enrollment.
Authentication
A method of validating a particular entity's or individual's unique credentials.
A method of validating a particular entity's or individual's unique credentials.
Authorization
The process of determining what rights and privileges a particular entity has.
The process of determining what rights and privileges a particular entity has.
Accounting
Tracking authorized usage of a resource or use of rights by a subject and alerting when unauthorized use is detected or attempted.
Tracking authorized usage of a resource or use of rights by a subject and alerting when unauthorized use is detected or attempted.
Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting (AAA)
A security concept where a centralized platform verifies subject identification, ensures the subject is assigned relevant permissions, and then logs these actions to create an audit trail.
A security concept where a centralized platform verifies subject identification, ensures the subject is assigned relevant permissions, and then logs these actions to create an audit trail.
Managerial Control
A category of security control that gives oversight of the information system.
A category of security control that gives oversight of the information system.
Operational Control
A category of security control that is implemented by people.
A category of security control that is implemented by people.
Technical Control
A category of security control that is implemented as a system (hardware, software, or firmware). Technical controls may also be described as logical controls.
A category of security control that is implemented as a system (hardware, software, or firmware). Technical controls may also be described as logical controls.
Physical Control
A category of security control that acts against in-person intrusion attempts.
A category of security control that acts against in-person intrusion attempts.
Preventive Control
A type of security control that acts before an incident to eliminate or reduce the likelihood that an attack can succeed.
A type of security control that acts before an incident to eliminate or reduce the likelihood that an attack can succeed.
Detective Control
A type of security control that acts during an incident to identify or record that it is happening.
A type of security control that acts during an incident to identify or record that it is happening.
Corrective Control
A type of security control that acts after an incident to eliminate or minimize its impact.
A type of security control that acts after an incident to eliminate or minimize its impact.
Directive Control
A type of control that enforces a rule of behavior through a policy or contract.
A type of control that enforces a rule of behavior through a policy or contract.
Deterrent Control
A type of security control that discourages intrusion attempts.
A type of security control that discourages intrusion attempts.
Compensating Controls
A security measure that takes on risk mitigation when a primary control fails or cannot completely meet expectations.
A security measure that takes on risk mitigation when a primary control fails or cannot completely meet expectations.
Chief Information Officer
A company officer with the primary responsibility for management of information technology assets and procedures.
A company officer with the primary responsibility for management of information technology assets and procedures.
Chief Technology Officer
A company officer with the primary role of making effective use of new and emerging computing platforms and innovations.
A company officer with the primary role of making effective use of new and emerging computing platforms and innovations.
Chief Security Officer
Typically the job title of the person with overall responsibility for information assurance and systems security.
Typically the job title of the person with overall responsibility for information assurance and systems security.
Information System Security Officer (ISSO)
Organizational role with technical responsibilities for implementation of security policies, frameworks, and controls.
Organizational role with technical responsibilities for implementation of security policies, frameworks, and controls.
Security Operations Center (SOC)
The location where security professionals monitor and protect critical information assets in an organization.
The location where security professionals monitor and protect critical information assets in an organization.
Development and Operations (DevOps)
A combination of software development and systems operations, and refers to the practice of integrating one discipline with the other.
A combination of software development and systems operations, and refers to the practice of integrating one discipline with the other.
DevSecOps
A combination of software development, security operations, and systems operations, and refers to the practice of integrating each discipline with the others.
A combination of software development, security operations, and systems operations, and refers to the practice of integrating each discipline with the others.
Computer Incident Response Team
Team with responsibility for incident response. The CSIRT must have expertise across a number of business domains (IT, HR, legal, and marketing, for instance).
Team with responsibility for incident response. The CSIRT must have expertise across a number of business domains (IT, HR, legal, and marketing, for instance).
Vulnerability
A weakness that could be triggered accidentally or exploited intentionally to cause a security breach.
A weakness that could be triggered accidentally or exploited intentionally to cause a security breach.
Threat
A potential for an entity to exercise a vulnerability (that is, to breach security).
A potential for an entity to exercise a vulnerability (that is, to breach security).
Risk
Likelihood and impact (or consequence) of a threat actor exercising a vulnerability.
Likelihood and impact (or consequence) of a threat actor exercising a vulnerability.
Internal/External
The degree of access that a threat actor possesses before initiating an attack. An external threat actor has no standing privileges, while an internal actor has been granted some access permissions.
The degree of access that a threat actor possesses before initiating an attack. An external threat actor has no standing privileges, while an internal actor has been granted some access permissions.
Threat Actor
A person or entity responsible for an event that has been identified as a security incident or as a risk.
A person or entity responsible for an event that has been identified as a security incident or as a risk.
Level of Sophistication/Capability
A formal classification of the resources and expertise available to a threat actor.
A formal classification of the resources and expertise available to a threat actor.
Resources/Funding
The ability of threat actors to draw upon funding to acquire personnel, tools, and to develop novel attack types.
The ability of threat actors to draw upon funding to acquire personnel, tools, and to develop novel attack types.
Service Disruption
A type of attack that compromises the availability of an asset or business process.
A type of attack that compromises the availability of an asset or business process.
Data Exfiltration
The process by which an attacker takes data that is stored inside of a private network and moves it to an external network.
The process by which an attacker takes data that is stored inside of a private network and moves it to an external network.
Disinformation
A type of security control that discourages inA type of attack that falsifies an information resource that is normally trusted by others.trusion attempts.
A type of security control that discourages inA type of attack that falsifies an information resource that is normally trusted by others.trusion attempts.
Blackmail
Demanding payment to prevent the release of information.
Demanding payment to prevent the release of information.
Extortion
Demanding payment to prevent or halt some type of attack.
Demanding payment to prevent or halt some type of attack.
Fraud
Falsifying records, such as an internal fraud that involves tampering with accounts.
Falsifying records, such as an internal fraud that involves tampering with accounts.
Hackers
Often used to refer to someone who breaks into computer systems or spreads viruses, ethical hackers prefer to think of themselves as experts on and explorers of computer security systems.
Often used to refer to someone who breaks into computer systems or spreads viruses, ethical hackers prefer to think of themselves as experts on and explorers of computer security systems.
Unauthorized
A hacker operating with malicious intent.
A hacker operating with malicious intent.
Authorized
A hacker engaged in authorized penetration testing or other security consultancy.
A hacker engaged in authorized penetration testing or other security consultancy.
Unskilled Attackers
An inexperienced, unskilled attacker that typically uses tools or scripts created by others.
An inexperienced, unskilled attacker that typically uses tools or scripts created by others.
Hacktivist
A threat actor that is motivated by a social issue or political cause.
A threat actor that is motivated by a social issue or political cause.